How does load increase affect system voltage during restoration?

As load increases during the restoration of a power system, it can decrease voltage stability. This is primarily due to the relationship between load and voltage in electrical systems, where increased power demand often leads to voltage drops.

When loads increase, such as during a restoration phase when power is being gradually restored to consumers, the system experiences a higher current flow through the transmission lines. This current flow can cause a voltage drop due to the inherent impedance of the lines. If the load increases to the point where it exceeds the available reactive power or generation capacity, voltage stability can be compromised, potentially leading to undervoltages or even system instability.

Maintaining voltage stability is crucial during system restoration because if the voltage falls too low, it can lead to further issues, including equipment malfunctions or cascading failures in the system. Therefore, it's essential to carefully manage load increases and ensure that reactive power support is adequate during restoration efforts to maintain voltage stability.