How should shunt capacitors be placed for maximum efficiency?

Placing shunt capacitors prior to peak-load times is optimal for several reasons related to efficiency in transmission operations. Shunt capacitors provide reactive power support, which helps to improve voltage levels in the system. By strategically installing these capacitors before peak load periods, it ensures that the system can handle increased demand without significant voltage drops that could lead to equipment issues or reliability concerns.

When shunt capacitors are deployed ahead of peak loads, they can effectively counterbalance inductive loads from transformers and motors that typically draw reactive power during high demand. This proactive approach minimizes losses in the transmission system due to reduced reactive power flow and helps maintain a stable voltage profile.

Furthermore, timely placement allows for better management of the overall power factor in the network. A higher power factor leads to increased efficiency, as it reduces the apparent power (measured in volt-amperes) required to supply the same amount of real power (measured in watts). This not only enhances system reliability but can also reduce energy costs over time.

In contrast, placing capacitors during peak-load times may not provide the needed support effectively, as the system is already experiencing high demand and the reactive power requirements would not be adequately addressed. Random placement throughout the network would lack strategic alignment with