What is a synchronous condenser?

A synchronous condenser is a dynamic resource that produces and absorbs reactive power (MVAR) while using an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) to maintain system voltage levels. It operates by harnessing the principles of synchronous machines, similar to synchronous generators, but without a mechanical load. This allows it to provide real-time reactive power support to the electrical grid, enhancing voltage stability and improving system reliability.

The inclusion of an AVR is crucial, as it ensures that the synchronous condenser can respond dynamically to fluctuations in the electrical system. When there is a need for reactive power support, the synchronous condenser can adjust its output quickly to either supply reactive power (helping to maintain voltage levels) or absorb it (when there’s an excess), thus helping to regulate grid voltage and improve overall stability.

Understanding the role of a synchronous condenser is essential in transmission operations, especially in managing reactive power, which is vital for efficient energy transfer in electrical systems.