What two components are included in the frequency response characteristics?

The frequency response characteristics of a power system primarily involve how the system reacts to changes in frequency, which can occur due to sudden disturbances. The two key components that are critical in assessing frequency response are governor response and load response.

Governor response refers to the action taken by the turbine governors, which regulate the output of generators in response to changes in system frequency. When there is a drop in frequency due to increased demand or a loss of generation, the governors will automatically adjust the output of their respective generators to help restore the frequency to its desired level. This automatic adjustment is vital for maintaining system stability.

Load response involves how various loads on the system react to frequency changes. Some loads may be designed to reduce their consumption when frequency drops, effectively contributing to frequency stabilization. This load shedding effect can help balance the generation and load, ensuring frequency remains within acceptable limits.

Together, governor response and load response provide a comprehensive view of how a system can manage frequency disturbances, working in tandem to maintain stable operation in the face of variability in generation and demand.